Leta hollingsworth biography of mahatma gandhi

Under Thorndike, Hollingworth completed her dissertation on the subject of women's supposed mental incapacity during menstruation, a belief called, at the time, "functional periodicity. Hollingworth concluded there was no empirical evidence linking decreased performance with phases of the menstrual cycle. Impressed with her work, Thorndike offered her a position at Columbia Teachers College after she received her Ph.

In addition to her teaching responsibilities at Columbia, Hollingworth also began focusing on the study of exceptional children. It is for her work with the "gifted" a term she coined that Leta Hollingworth is best known, although she worked initially with the "mentally defective" and came to believe many were of average intelligence but suffered from problems of adjustment.

Stanley Hall. Leta Hollingworth believed educational and environmental factors, not just inheritance, played a role in giftedness and focused on how to nurture giftedness and educate gifted children. The view in education at the time was that bright children could take care of themselves. Leta Hollingworth believed their needs were not, in fact, being adequately leta hollingsworth biography of mahatma gandhi.

She developed a method that focused on early identification of their giftedness, everyday contact, and not isolating them from other children. Her first experiment with the gifted began in with a group of 50 seven- to nine-year-olds with IQs over It served two functions. The first was to understand their family backgrounds, psychological makeup, and physical, social, and temperamental traits.

The second was to create a curriculum of benefit to them. Hollingworth's book, Gifted Childrendescribes the results of the study. Her work with gifted children continued with the creation of Speyer School in which garnered much attention - not all of it good. Many saw her efforts to provide gifted children with an enriched curriculum as undemocratic.

Near the end of her life, Leta Hollingworth began studying children with IQs over She found many adjustment problems stemming from lack of intellectual stimulation and from adults who assumed these children to be self-sufficient and, therefore, didn't pay them much attention. Children Above IQ was Hollingworth's last publication and was completed after her death by her husband, Harry L.

While Hollingworth is certainly best known for her work with gifted children, her work on the psychology of women and her interest in feminism should not be ignored. Hollingworth wrote six articles on the psychological factors relating to the social status of women - all based on the assumption, at the time, of the inherently greater variability of males.

And while her later work seems to have shifted away from the social psychology of women, she never really abandoned that theme. She had planned to write a significant work on the subject entitled Mrs. Pilgrim's Progress, but died before completing it. After graduation, she took a teaching position in Nebraska but soon moved to New York City to marry and be with Harry, who was finishing his doctorate in psychology at Columbia University.

When Leta attempted to obtain a teaching position, she learned that New York City's school district would not hire married women as teachers. This left her unemployed and fueled her interest and activism in women's issues. Those who really study children — those who would study any individuals— must be prepared to take pains". Due to her pioneering role in the study of the psychology of gifted children, in the high-IQ society Intertel instituted an annual award named in her honor for excellence in research in education and psychology of the gifted.

Additional co-sponsorship by the National Association for Gifted Children was obtained since the late 90s, to which the award had been turned over circaand which has continued awarding it yearly since. American Psychologist, 30 8— Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.

In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. American psychologist — Chadron, NebraskaU. Early life [ edit ]. College [ edit ]. Early career and marriage [ edit ]. Interests in clinical psychology [ edit ]. Intelligence testing, mental defects and exceptional children [ edit ]. Interest in the psychology of women [ edit ]. Death and legacy [ edit ].

References [ edit ]. Retrieved from "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 5, Retrieved November 30, New York Times. November 12, Hollingworth Of Columbia Staff. November 28, A forgotten voice: A biography of Leta Stetter Hollingworth. Retrieved June 22, Leta Stetter Hollingworth: Champion of the psychology of women and gifted children.

Journal of Educational Psychology, 8420— A History of modern psychology 10th ed. A Brief History of Modern Psychology. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. The Sun. April 13, Children above IQ Stanford-Binet. ISBN Functional periodicity: An experimental study of the mental and motor abilities of women during menstruation. Journal of Curriculum Studies.

Informa UK Limited: — ISSN S2CID March 1, Roeper Review. Journal for the Education of the Gifted. January 1, Archived from the original on December 17, Retrieved September 10, The Salt March marked a significant escalation in the struggle for Indian independence, showcasing the power of peaceful protest and civil disobedience. In response, the British authorities arrested Gandhi and thousands of others, further galvanizing the movement and drawing widespread sympathy and support for the cause.

The impact of the Salt March was profound and far-reaching. It succeeded in undermining the moral authority of British rule in India and demonstrated the effectiveness of non-violent resistance. Gandhi vehemently opposed the age-old practice of untouchability in Hindu society, considering it a moral and social evil that needed to be eradicated. He believed that for India to truly gain independence from British rule, it had to first cleanse itself of internal social evils like untouchability.

This stance sometimes put him at odds with traditionalists within the Hindu community, but Gandhi remained unwavering in his belief that social reform was integral to the national movement. By elevating the issue of untouchability, Gandhi sought to unify the Indian people under the banner of social justice, making the independence movement a struggle for both political freedom and social equality.

He argued that the segregation and mistreatment of any group of people were against the fundamental principles of justice and non-violence that he stood for. The talks were often contentious, with significant disagreements, particularly regarding the partition of India to create Pakistan, a separate state for Muslims. Gandhi was deeply involved in these discussions, advocating for a united India while striving to alleviate communal tensions.

Despite his efforts, the partition became inevitable due to rising communal violence and political pressures. On August 15,India finally gained its independence from British rule, marking the end of nearly two centuries of colonial dominance.

Leta hollingsworth biography of mahatma gandhi

The announcement of independence was met with jubilant celebrations across the country as millions of Indians, who had longed for this moment, rejoiced in their newfound freedom. Gandhi, though revered for his leadership and moral authority, was personally disheartened by the partition and worked tirelessly to ease the communal strife that followed.

His commitment to peace and unity remained steadfast, even as India and the newly formed Pakistan navigated the challenges of independence. The geography of the Indian subcontinent was dramatically altered by the partition, with the creation of Pakistan separating the predominantly Muslim regions in the west and east from the rest of India. This division led to one of the largest mass migrations in human history, as millions of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs crossed borders in both directions, seeking safety amidst communal violence.

Gandhi spent these crucial moments advocating for peace and communal harmony, trying to heal the wounds of a divided nation. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi married Kasturba Makhanji Kapadia, often referred to as Kasturba Gandhi or Ba, in an arranged marriage inwhen he was just 13 years old. Kasturba, who was of the same age as Gandhi, became his partner in life and in the struggle for Indian independence.

Despite the initial challenges of an arranged marriage, Kasturba and Gandhi grew to share a deep bond of love and mutual respect. Together, they had four sons: Harilal, born in ; Manilal, born in ; Ramdas, born in ; and Devdas, born in Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated because some extremists saw him as too accommodating to Muslims during the partition of India.

He was 78 years old when he died. The assassination occurred on January 30,when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, shot Gandhi at point-blank range in the garden of the Birla House in New Delhi.