John franklin enders biography of abraham

Information on his work is in any review of the literature of medical virology and in virology textbooks. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 8, Retrieved January 08, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.

After beginning a career as a real estate agent, Enders decided that business was not for him. He enrolled at Harvard Universitycompleting a master's degree in English literature. While pursuing further graduate studies, a roommate introduced him to Hans Zinssera well-known microbiologist who was head of Harvard's Department of Bacteriology and Immunology.

Zinsser's enthusiasm for scientific pursuits was so contagious that Enders abandoned his liberal arts studies in favor of medical research. After receiving a doctorate from Harvard inEnders began research on how the immune system fights bacterial disease. Inhowever, he became intrigued with the problem of viruses, a much smaller microorganism.

During this time, the study of viruses was restricted by microscopes not powerful enough to see these small organisms, and by the fact that viruses can grow only in live tissue. The live tissue problem led Enders to work in the improving tissue culture techniques to provide material for vaccines. World War II interrupted his work. Robbins, Weller's medical school roommate were at Children's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, growing the mumps virus in cultures of chicken cells.

Weller had been working on chicken pox viruses while Robbins was trying to isolate the virus that causes infantile epidemic diarrhea. Together, this team developed better tissue cultures for mumps, chicken poxpolio viruses. Techniques the three researchers developed for the growing polio virus were essential to the later development of the life-saving vaccines of Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin.

Enders continued working in the area of virus cultures and successfully grew the measles virus which was used in the first measles vaccine. After retirement from Harvard, Enders kept an active interest in virology and at the time of his death was studying the AIDS virus. American microbiologist who shared the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine with F.

Robbins and T. Weller for their discovery that the virus which causes polio can be grown in a test tube in vitro on various tissues. This discovery allowed for the mass production of a successful polio vaccine. He also cultivated the measles virus in and developed a vaccine for measles in John Franklin Enders gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia.

Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. American medical researcher West Hartford, Connecticut. Waterford, Connecticut. Life and education [ edit ]. Biomedical career [ edit ]. Honors [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.

JSTOR PMID S2CID Enders and Measles Virus Vaccine—a Reminiscence". Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology.

John franklin enders biography of abraham

ISBN Enders - Biographical". Nobel Prize Outreach AB. Retrieved 14 February He continued to be involved in medical research and in his later years, studied acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS. InEnders married Sarah Francis Bennett, and they had a daughter and a son. Sarah passed away inand inhe married Carolyn Kin. In his free time, Enders enjoyed playing the piano, gardening, and fishing.

On September 8,he passed away suddenly at his country home in Waterford, Connecticut. Find out more about his life in this biography. Enders enrolled at the Yale University for his graduation. After completing his services at World War I, Enders returned to Yale to complete his graduation degree. Upon gaining his graduation degree, Enders tried his hand at several fields.

He entered real estate business but it did not interest him much. He then enrolled at Harvard university to study English literature, Germanic and Celtic language so as to become a teacher but left it half-way. It was while at Harvard that Enders befriended medical students. As such, he enrolled for a PhD degree in bacteriology and immunology at the Harvard University.

InEnders was awarded the doctorate degree for his thesis that presented evidence that bacterial anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity of the tuberculin type are distinct phenomena. Following his doctorate degree, John Franklin Enders embarked on a career in bacteriology. He joined his alma mater Harvard University as a faculty member. He was appointed as an assistant in the department of bacteriology and immunology.

During his early years at Harvard, Enders studied the elucidation of certain factors related to bacterial virulence and the resistance of the host organism. Together with Ward, Shaffer and Wu, he explained the inhibitory effect of the type specific capsular polysaccharides of Pneumococcus upon the phagocytic process. This work discovered a new form of Type I polysaccharide and produced evidence that complemented a catalytic-like part in the opsonization of bacteria by specific antibody.

InEnders was promoted to the position of assistant professor at Harvard University. Three years later, he undertook the study of some of the mammalian viruses.