Guru gobind singh biography

The Guru's mother, and his two younger sons, Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singhstrayed away from the main group. Guru's old servant, Gangu, escorted them to his village, Kheri. The flood in the river resulted in several of the Guru's followers getting drowned, and there was heavy loss of property and literature. The Guru, with his two sons, and some other Sikhs, managed to cross the river and reached the Ghanaula village on the other side of the river.

He instructed a band of hundred followers under Bachitar Singh to march to Rupar. The Guru, with the remaining followers, marched towards Kotla Nihang near Rupar, to stay with his trusted acquaintance Pathan Nihang Khan. From there, he proceeded to Machhiwara and Raikothalting at Bur Majra. He was informed that a large body of troops from Sirhind was chasing him.

He decided to face the enemy troops at the fortress of Chamkaur. The imperial troops besieged the fortress at Chamkaur in Decemberleading to the battle of Chamkaur. The Guru asked the remaining disciples to get ready for the final charge, and die fighting. However, his disciples insisted that the his survival was necessary for the survival of the Khalsa, and planned his escape from Chamkaur.

The Guru gave his kalghi plume used to decorate headgear and his armor to Bhai Sant Singh, a Sikh who resembled him. Sant Singh was seated in the upper room where Guru was stationed. The Guru marched out of Chamkaur in the night, along with some followers. Next day, the Mughal army, which still believed that the Guru was inside the fortress, attacked the fortress, and killed all the Sikhs inside the fortress.

The Guru separated from his companions, and reached Machhiwara, after passing through Jandsar and Behlolpur. Gulaba, an old masand of Machhiwara, gave them shelter, but feared for his own safety. The Khans, who were old acquaintances of the Guru, disguised him as the Pir Sufi saint of Uchh guru gobind singh biography, and carried him to safety, in a palanquin.

From Alam Gir, the Guru proceeded to Raikot. At Silaoni, Rai Kalla, the chief of Raikot, received him warmly. The Guru stayed there for some time. Meanwhile, Guru's mother Mata Gujri and the his two younger sons were captured by Wazir Khan, the governor of Sirhind. The two boys were killed after refusing to convert to Islam, and Mata Gujri died soon after hearing of her grandsons' death.

He then marched to Lamma Jatpura, where his companion Rai Kalla took leave. The Guru moved southwards, accompanied by three Sikhs. The people had heard that the Guru had been killed at Chamkaur, but the truth began to be known when he reached Dina. While at Dina, the Guru received a concilatory letter from Aurangzeb, asking him to come to Deccan to discuss the situation.

The Guru was wary of Aurangzeb, who had beheaded his father, and whose army attacked him at Anandpur in spite of an oath in the name of Quran. The Guru rejected the emperor's offer, and wrote a long letter in Persian, titled ' Zafarnamah the Epistle of Victory. In the letter, the Guru reminded Aurangzeb of his misdeeds, and condemened the treacherous acts of the Mughals.

He sent a group of Sikhs, consisting of Daya Singh, Dharam Singh, and some guards, to despatch the letter to Aurangzeb, who was camping in Ahmednagar. They had come to offer their condolences over the death of his four sons and his mother, and also offered to effect a compromise between the Guru and Mughal authorities. The Guru narrated to them the atrocities of Mughals from the time of martyrdom of Guru Arjan to the laying of the siege of Anandpur.

He rebuked them for their behaviour and put them to shame for talking like that. One of the leaders of the Jatha groupBhag Singh Jabhalia, said that it was not in their means to have more faith in the Guru. The Guru said that he had not called for them and they should write a disclaimer, which was signed by Bhag Singh Jabhalia and another four. The remaining thirty five did not sign the disclaimer.

He along with those acompanying him moved on to take positions by the side of a mound, which incidentally was also the only water source in the area. Her challenge made the forty to face the oncoming Mughal force led by Wazir Khan. In the action that occurred on 30 poh December 29,beside the forty Sikhs and Mata Bhag Kaur from Majha, Guru Gobind Singh and those accompanying him also participated.

After a showdown with arrows and bullets, the fight came down to close combat with swords and spears. By sunset all forty were dead or seriously injured and the Mughal forces retreated. Of the forty only three sikhs Rai Singh, Sunder singh and Mahan singh were in their last breath, while Bhag Kaur lay seriously injured. At their request Guru Gobind Singh tore the disclaimer and blessed them as Muktas emanicipated.

He also changed the name of the place, Ishar sar or Khidranato Muktsar in their honour. At Chatiana, the Brars who had fought for him at Muktsar, threatened to block his march as the Guru had failed to disburse pay gurus gobind singh biography to them. A Sikh from the neighborhood area brought enough money, which enabled the Guru to pay off all the arrears.

However, the leader of the Brars, Chaudhri Dana apologized the Guru on behalf of his people, and refused to accept any payment for himself. At his request, the Guru visited his native place Mehma Swai. The Guru continued his travel, passing through Lakhi Jungle Lakhisar. From Lakhi, he visited nearby areas and initiated large number of people into Khalsa.

The place is now called Damdama Sahib the resting place. The Guru made a tour of the neighbouring villages, and initiated several people into the Khalsa. However, the Chaudhari refused to hand over the Guru, in spite of Wazir Khan's threats and promises of reward. Wazir Khan complained to the Emperor, who was in the Deccan. He ordered Wazir Khan to remove all restrictions imposed on the Guru and stop harassing him.

The Guru's literature had been destroyed as he crossed the river after evacuating Anandpur. A number of poets and scholars gathered around the Guru at Talwandi Sabo, and the place came to be known as Guru's Kashi Varanasi. The Guru's wife, who had separated from him at Anandpur, also reunited with him at Damdama Sahib. The Guru also reorganized his forces at this place, and took many DograsRathores and Brars into his service.

In response to the Guru's ZafarnamahAurangzeb expressed his wish for a personal meeting with the Guru. The Guru left for Deccan in October to meet Aurangzeb. He passed through what is now Rajasthanon his way to Ahmednagarwhere the Emperor was encamped. At Baghaur or Baghorhe received the news of Aurangzeb's death in Marchand decided to return to Punjab, via Shahjahanabad.

After the emperor's death, a war of succession broke out between his sons. The third son, Mohammad Azam or Azimdeclared himself the Emperor. The Guru's follower Bhai Nand Lal who had earlier served in the Muazzam 's court brought him a letter written by Muazzam. Muazzam had sought Guru's help in securing the throne, and had promised to pursue a policy of religious tolerance towards the non-Muslims.

Muazzam ascended the throne as Bahadur Shah. The Guru stayed with the Emperor in Agra till November Guru Gobind Singh Last updated On this page Find out more Page options Print this page. Guru Gobind Singh introduced many of the customs that Sikhs practise today. See also. Religion and Ethics home Interfaith calendar Ethics guides. Settings Sign out.

These days, the Imperial Government of Delhi levied a tribute on the hill chiefs and when a demand was made on them, many of them, led by the Raja of Kahlur, refused to pay it. Though the Guru had been earlier engaged in a battle with them he readily agreed and joined hands with them to resist the attack launched by the Governor of Jammu under orders from Delhi.

In this battle again, the forces of the hill chiefs, led by the Guru, were victorious. Alarmed at this, Aurangzeb sent his son, Muazzim later called Bahadur Shah to put the affairs of the Panjab in order. The Prince sent a force from Lahore to punish the hill chiefs and also the Guru. But while no harm came to Guru Gobind Singh, the hill chiefs suffered an ignominious defeat, for they got divided on the basis of caste.

The Guru later tried to bring them together but found the task impossible as superstitions, caste, and mutual jealousies, which have been the bane of this country for centuries, stood in the way. At last Guru Gobind Singh decided to create a community that would not only be iconoclastic and fights against all shams and taboos of caste, dress, diet, and status, but being worshippers of the One Supreme Being would look upon all humanity as one.

Nay, they would be the spearhead of a worldwide movement for synthesis and dedicated service. Such a force was to wear a distinctive appearance as it often happens in almost every age and clime in respect of dedicated men and women.

Guru gobind singh biography

And such a force the Guru created in on the day of Baisakhi at Anandpur. Thousands of people from far and near had gathered on this auspicious day to pay homage to the Guru. The Guru, a naked sword in hand, came to the congregation and asked for the head of a Sikh for the cause of Dharma. There was great consternation in the Assembly, but one by one five of them came forward to present their heads to the Guru, four of them belonging to the lower castes.

The Guru called them his five beloveds Panj Pyare and administered to them sugared water stirred with a steel dagger over which they had read the Word of the Guru. This was called Amrit or nectar and when the Guru had administered it to them himself, he stood, with joined palms, before them, and said. And so they baptized him, their Guru, thus emphasizing the democratic spirit of the faith.

Truly has it been said of the Guru. About 80, Sikhs were baptized similarly in a few days. Then the Guru asked to shed all superstitions of caste and birth, idol-worship, and belief in anything but the One God. They were told to keep ever-ready to defend the faith, not only theirs but even of others as Guru Tegh Bahadur had done before, for humanity, preached the Guru, was one.

They were to act as a unifying force in the world and live to work, work to share, and share to Believe. Aurangzeb died inand immediately a succession struggle began between his sons who attacked each other. Guru Gobind Singh hoped to get Anandpur, his former stronghold back, and remained close to the imperial camp for nearly a year. His appeals for the restoration of his lands turned out to be ineffectual however as Bahadur Shah went on postponing any restoration to the status quo ante as he was not willing to offend either the Guru or the hill rajas.

Wazir Khana Mughal army commander and the Nawab of Sirhindagainst whose army the Guru had fought several wars, [ 15 ] commissioned two Afghans, Jamshed Khan, and Wasil Beg, to follow the Guru's army as it moved for the meeting with Bahadur Shah, and then assassinate the Guru. The two secretly pursued the Guru whose troops were in the Deccan area of India, and entered the camp when the Sikhs had been stationed near river Godavari for months.

According to Senapati's Sri Gur Sobhaan early 18th-century writer, the fatal wounds of the Guru was one below his heart. The Guru fought guru gobind singh biography and killed the assassin, while the assassin's companion was killed by the Sikh guards as he tried to escape. The Guru died of his wounds a few days later on 7 October The Guru is the Khalsa and the Khalsa is the Guru.

The seat has been given to Sri Sahib Mata Devi. Love each other and expand the community. Follow the words of the Granth. The Sikh that follows Sikhi shall be with the Guru. Follow the conduct of the Guru. Always remain with Waheguru. While it is generally believed that Guru Gobind Singh did not add any of his own compositions to the Guru Granth Sahibthere are some who argue that a single rhyming couplet, known as a Dohraof the tenth Guru, titled Dohra Mahalla Dasvan 10near the end of the scripture on page is the work of Guru Gobind Singh.

The composition in-question is as follows: [ ] [ ]. All human power has failed, Humanity groans in chains; Moral efforts are of no avail; Lord, save them O save With Thy Merciful aid, As Thou didst save The drowning elephant that prayed! It was a test of the potential successor to the Guruship. Gobind Das, who was writing from Anandpur, replied with a dohrawhich affirmed his readiness to succeed as the next Sikh guru and calmed any apprehensions that the Sikhs of the time felt about the prospect.

The Namdhari sect believes that Guru Gobind Singh did not die in but rather continued to live-on under the alias and pseudonym of 'Ajapal Singh' and passed on the guruship to Balak Singh at the age of in the year Some of the Radhasoami movement, a contemporary Sant Mat tradition, have linked Guru Gobind Singh, and therefore the lineage of Sikh gurus, to Tulsi Sahib of Hathras by claiming that Guru Gobind Singh passed on leadership to a supposed individual named Ratnagar Rao, who then passed on the mastership to Tulsi Sahib of Hathras.

While Sikh Gurus are generally not portrayed on guru gobind singh biography due to certain beliefs in Sikhism, [ citation needed ] a number of Indian films surrounding Guru Gobind Singh's life have been made. These include: [ ]. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.

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Main article: Sikh Rehat Maryada. Main article: Zafarnama letter. See also: Saka Sirhind. Dohra Mahalla Dasvan Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July Retrieved 7 March The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. ISBN Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity. Retrieved 20 January Kerry, Brown.

London: Routledge. OCLC The Sikh Reference Book. Some Sikhs, out of ignorance, began using " deh shiva bar mohe ihai shubh karman te kabhoon na taron Celebrating life customs around the world : from baby showers to funerals. During the ceremony the amrit is accompanied by a solemn oath in the presence of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Panj Pyare, or the five beloved ones.

Panj Pyare is a quintet of initiated Sikh men or women that act as leaders within the Sikh community. Michigan, US: Singh Bros. Aad Sikh Te Aad Sakhian. Jalandhar: New Book Company. World Sikh Organization of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 April Retrieved 18 March