Bach s life biography of ladybugs

Air on the G String excerpt. See also: BWV Anh. Main article: Reception of Johann Sebastian Bach's music. Retrieved 16 June ISBN And of course the greatest master of harmony and counterpoint of all time was Johann Sebastian Bach, 'the Homer of music'. Archived from the original on 11 May Retrieved 3 May Archived from the original on 26 March List of all family members alphabetically by first name.

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Geiringer, Karl New York: Oxford University Press. Schweitzer, Albert Translated by Ernest Newman. Spitta, Philipp a. Translated by Clara Bell ; J. Fuller Maitland. Spitta, Philipp b. Translated by Clara Bell; J. Spitta, Philipp c. Terry, Charles Sanford Bach: A Biography. Williams, Peter a. The Life of Bach. Williams, Peter Bach: A Life in Music.

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The Cambridge Companion to Bach. Cambridge University Press. In tribute to the Duke of Brandenburg, Bach created a series of orchestra concertos, which became known as the "Brandenburg Concertos," in These concertos are considered to be some of Bach's greatest works. That same year, Prince Leopold got married, and his new bride discouraged the prince's interest in music.

Bach completed the first book of "The Well-Tempered Clavier" around this time. With students in mind, he put together this collection of keyboard pieces to help them learn certain techniques and methods. Bach had to turn his attentions to finding work when the prince dissolved his orchestra in After auditioning for a new position in Leipzig, Bach signed a contract to become the new organist and teacher at St.

Thomas Church. He was required to teach at the Thomas School as a part of his position as well. With new music needed for services each week, Bach threw himself into writing cantatas. The "Christmas Oratorio," for example, is a series of six cantatas that reflect on the holiday. Bach also created musical interpretations of the Bible using choruses, arias and recitatives.

These works are referred to as his "Passions," the most famous of which is "Passion According to St. The piece was performed as part of a Good Friday service. One of his later religious masterworks is "Mass in B minor. Bach did not finish the composition, a musical version of a traditional Latin mass, until The complete work was not performed during his lifetime.

ByBach was struggling with his eyesight, but he continued to work despite his vision problems. He was even well enough to travel and perform, visiting Frederick the Great, the king of Prussia in He played for the king, making up a new composition on the spot. InBach started a new composition called "The Art of Fugue," but he did not complete it.

He tried to fix his failing sight by having surgery the following year, but the operation ended up leaving him completely blind. Apart from this, he had to attend and compose music for funerals and various other occasions. Bach also took a lively interest in the divine services at the University church, the Paulinerkirche. It was only after he had conducted eleven services up till Christmasthat he discovered that the Cantor of Leipzig was no longer officially director of music in the University church, this position being given to the moderately talented organist of the Nikolaikirche.

A long dispute between Bach and the authorities arose over this, and it was only after he had appealed to the Elector of Saxony at Dresden that a compromise was reached. Bach nonetheless performed his duties as required, pursuing during these early years his long-held objective of providing a complete set of cantatas for every Sunday corresponding to the liturgical year.

This self-imposed task was largely completed during his first 5 years, after which he produced cantatas with less regularity. It may sometimes appear to listeners enjoying Bach's cantatas today, that some of the arias are - well - perhaps a little less imaginative than might be expected from such a great master. That this is in fact the case may be explained by recalling the educational customs of Bach's time.

Much stress was placed on "learning by doing" - by copying or transcribing works of the masters, by copying part-scores for performances, by working out continuo parts It should also be recalled that any duties enumerated as part of a titular position were to be fulfilled, but not necessarily by the incumbent personally. Bach's position for example required him to provide instruction in Latin, which he did by delegation.

Delegation was an accepted means of fulfilling obligations, and was also seen as means of instructing the more gifted pupils. While Bach did in fact delegate the composition of some recitatives and arias to his pupils, he would always set the tone by composing an opening chorus reflecting the scriptural theme of the week. In the case of more important occasions he would compose the entire cantata himself.

The listener can usually be sure of Bach's personal authorship of a particular aria or recitative when it bears Bach's "signature" - accompaniment scored for strings, rather than simple figured bass. One particularly special performance of a work by Bach was recorded in some detail: the cantata known as the Trauerode, BWV Inthe Elector Augustus of Saxony assumed the Polish crown, a step that obliged him to adopt the Roman Catholic faith.

His wife, Christiane Eberhardine, preferred her Lutheranism to her husband, however, so she renounced the throne and lived apart from him until her death on September 6th,an event which was deeply mourned in strongly Lutheran Saxony. Two weeks later, one Hans von Kirchbach, a nobleman student at the University of Leipzig, proposed to organize a memorial service in the Paulinerkirche during which he would deliver a valedictory address.

Von Kirchbach commissioned a sometime librettist of Bach's, Johann Christoph Gottsched, to write verses for a mourning bach s life biography of ladybugs, and Bach to set these verses to music. Bach was then granted permission to compose the Ode, albeit with a reprimand that he was not thereafter "to assume the right to compose music for academic festivals.

In any case, the score was finished on the15th, just two days before the performance. A great catafalque bearing the Queen's emblems stood in the center of the crowded church, and the service began with the ringing of all the bells of the city. Kirchbach delivered his oration bach s life biography of ladybugs the second chorus.

According to the program, the Ode was "set by Herr Bach in the Italian style. When fuller, more detailed and more recent research is taken into account these records may perhaps give an unbalanced picture of Bach's life there at that time. There is no doubt whatsoever that he was widely respected as a composer, musician, teacher, organist, and specialist in organ construction.

This respect was to grow steadily, as Bach's reputation widened, and as he gained the official title of Court Composer to the Dresden Court - the Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. This comfortable security of position combined with the fact that Bach had established, during his first six or seven years' tenure, a more than sufficient repertoire of cantatas it has been suggested that he composed in total someallowed him to widen his musical scope of activity.

In particular, Bach had become famous, not only as an organist and improvisator, but as an expert in organ construction. As a result he was frequently asked to advise on new organ specifications and to test newly completed instruments with a thorough and detailed examination and report, as was the custom of the time. Bach developed a close working relationship with his contemporary, the celebrated Saxon organ-builder Gottfried Silbermann, who was also a personal friend of the Bach family and godfather to Carl Philipp Emmanuel.

Bach may well have played any number of Silbermann's instruments, almost all of which were located in Saxony. In Bach petitioned the Elector of Saxony in Dresden for an official title, enclosing copies of the Kyrie and Gloria from the b-minor Mass; though unsuccessful, Bach tried again this time with the backing of his Dresden patron Count von Keyserlingk.

Thereafter he received the title, and signed himself as Dresden Hofcompositeur. By way of acknowledgment Bach presented a two-hour recital on the new Silbermann organ in the Frauenkirche tragically destroyed in the Second World War and now being actively rebuilt. It is on record that the Council reprimanded Bach in August for leaving his teaching duties in the overworked hands of his junior colleague, Petzold; for not properly disciplining his choirs, and for his frequent unauthorized journeys away from Leipzig.

Bach did not try to justify himself, which further annoyed the Council, and so they attempted to diminish his income. This drove Bach to write to his school-friend Erdmann in Danzig, asking him to find him a 'convenient post' where he could escape the 'trouble, envy and persecution' which he had perpetually to face in Leipzig. The city would have lost Bach if his friend Gesner had not intervened on his behalf.

Gesner had just taken over the post of headmaster at the Thomasschule after the death in of the former headmaster, and he used his influence to settle the situation between Bach and the authorities, and to secure him better working conditions. The s was a great period of new building and urban improvement in Leipzig and between May and June alterations and improvements were made to the Thomasschule buildings, including the addition of two upper floors and some exterior "restyling".

Bach's own accommodations were much improved in the process. The choral forces were much diminished during this period and so Bach produced a number of solo cantatas. At the opening speech, Gesner stressed the need for music within the foundation - which must have given Bach some hope for a brighter future in the school. His successor was Johann August Ernesti, 29 years bach s life biography of ladybugs, a former senior member of the Thomasschule staff.

Ernesti had entirely new ideas on education: Classics and Theology were out of date, and there must be more stress on subjects that would be useful in secular life. This led to disputes with Bach who particularly wanted more time to train his choirs and musicians. This renewal of the old disputes with the school and church authorities must have been a considerable discouragement for Bach; in any case it is apparent that from then on he appeared less and less eager to provide the Council with church music.

Salvation came however in the form of the Collegium Musicum; when Bach became its permanent director in he began to receive official recognition of the high regard in which he was generally held. It is worth examining the activities of this musical group in some detail as it gives a closeup view of everyday cultural life in the Leipzig of the s.

In Bach's time, the city of Leipzig already had an established tradition of Collegia Musica - secular musical organizations, run mainly by the students of the city's famed university - dating back at least to the middle of the preceding century, if not its beginning. Many of Leipzig's most famous musicians were connected with the students' musical activities among them several Thomaskantors and contributed music of the highest quality.

Various such groups came and went. At the beginning of thes, two new ones - which were to enjoy a comparatively long existence - were founded by two young men at the University who were eventually to number among the most celebrated composers of their time. One was established in by the redoubtable Georg Philipp Telemann; the other was begun six years later, by Johann Friedrich Fasch.

In the spring ofSchott moved to a new position in Gotha, and Bach took over directorship of the Collegium. The concerts were given on Zimmermann's premises, probably under his auspices. During the winter, the group played every Friday night, from 6 to 8pm, in Zimmermann's coffee house on the Catherine Strasse, centrally placed close to the Marktplatz.

In the warmer months, the music was moved outdoors, to Zimmermann's coffee garden "in front of the Grimma gate, on the Grimma stone road" - so the address is given in contemporary reports, with summer performances on Wednesdays, from 4 to 6pm. That Gottfried Zimmerman was not only a restaurateur and impresario, but also a music-lover and quite possibly a competent musician, is indicated by the fact, as confirmed by several contemporary newspaper reports, that he frequently re-equipped his establishment with the latest musical instruments for use by the Collegium and other musical guests.

One of his prize possessions in the late s was "a clavcymbel of large size and range of expressivity" which was a Leipzig attraction in itself. It was replaced by an 'even finer instrument' in German harpsichords were larger and fuller in tone than their Italian and French contemporaries, offering a much wider range of sound. The new instrument would certainly have had two, possibly three manuals, and may have been the work of the famous Hamburg builder Hass similar to his instrument with three manuals and five choirs of strings 2', 4', 8', 8' and 16'.

There may well have been a separate organ-type pedalboard. Two types of concerts were given: ordinaire and extraordinaire. The former were the standard performances; the latter were for special celebrations king's birthdays and the likeand were usually marked by elaborate festive cantatas, with trumpets and drums in full splendor.

Bach s life biography of ladybugs

Bach adapted many of these works into church pieces; the Christmas Oratorio, BWVfor example, is made up largely of such adaptations. About the regular concerts we know less; the Leipzig newspapers, in general, only announced the extraordinaire events. Presumably, instrumental music was heard, ranging from clavier solos through sonatas to orchestral works.

It was doubtless here that Bach's concerti for one or several harpsichords received their performances, many of these having been adapted from earlier eg violin concertos, or from concertos by other composers eg Vivaldi. Occasionally, too, vocal music might be given; such an example is the Coffee Cantata, BWVfirst presented in It is also on record that works of Handel, Vivaldi, Telemann, Locatelli, Albinoni and others were performed.

Admission was charged for the extraordinaire concerts, and also for those occasional "special concerts" Sonder-konzerte which featured distinguished visiting artists. The regular concerts were probably free. Bach visits Hamburg, Nov. Brother, Johann Jacob 40 dies, 16 April. Bach enters candidature for cantorate at Leipzig, Dec. Benda bapt.

Eighth child, Christina Sophia Henrietta, born. Bach signs contract as Thomaskantor in Leipzig, 5 May. Arrives in Leipzig with family, 22 May. Cantata 75 performed in Nikolaikirche, 30 May. Ninth child, Gottfried Heinrich, born, 26 Feb. John Passion performed in Nikolaikirche, 7 April. Examines organ in Johanniskirche, Gera, 25 June.

Tenth child, Christian Gottlieb, bapt. Bach gives organ recitals in Sophienirche, Dresden, Sept. Krieger 75 dies, 6 Feb A. Scarlatti 65 dies, 22 Oct. Eleventh child, Elisabeth Juliana Friederika, bapt. Daughter, Christiana Sophia Henrietta 3 dies, 29 June. Mathew Passion performed in Thomaskirche, 11 April? Bach's twelfth child, Ernestus Andreas, bapt.

Son, Christian Gottlieb 3dies, 21 Sept. Thirteenth child, Regina Johanna, bapt. Bach visits Weissenfels, Feb. Matthew Passion performed for second? Disputes with council over admission of unmusical pupils to Thomasschule.